Focal Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome Caused by Oxaliplatin-Induced Chemotherapy: A Case Report

Introduction: Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) is a severe adverse event of long-term chemotherapy in patients with colorectal cancer. It usually develops as liver congestion due to diffuse microscopic obstruction in liver parenchyma. In contrast, it sometimes appears as a liver mass occurring with local parenchymal hemorrhaging, and is often misdiagnosed as liver metastasis. Case Presentation: A 40-year-old woman with rectal cancer underwent high anterior resection and partial liver resection of segment 7 due to synchronous liver metastasis. She received oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy (mFOLFOX6) as adjuvant chemotherapy for 6 months. A 13-mm irregular low-echoic mass was detected by CT in segment 3 of the liver 12 months after the operation. The mass was again resected as a liver metastasis because it had increased in size. The pathological diagnosis was focal SOS, which showed sinusoidal dilation and congestion by hepatocyte trabeculae in the liver parenchyma. Conclusions: Atypical irregular tumors should be considered as SOS when the patient has received oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy. Aqualitative imaging modality diagnosis, such as with diffusion-weighted MRI, is superior to a morphological diagnosis in focal SOS. This imaging modality can prevent unnecessary operations.