Adsorption of phenols by papermill sludges

In this paper we studied the sorption capacity of paper mill sludges for phenols. Phenol, 2-chlorophenol (2-CP). 3-chlorophenol (3-CP), 4-chlorophenol (4-CP), 2-nitrophenol (2-NP), 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), 2.4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), 3,4-dichlorophenol (3,4-DCP) 3,5-dichlorophenol(3,5-DCP) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (2,4,5-TCP) were chosen for the sorption tests. Kinetic experiments showed that substituted-phenol sorption on papermill sludge was rapid (equilibrium was reached after 3 h); conversely, the time taken by the phenol to reach equilibrium conditions was 260 h. Experimental data showed that particle diffusion was involved in the sorption process but was not the only rate-limiting mechanism: several other mechanisms were involved. The adsorption isotherms showed the following order of retention capacity of papermill sludge: 2-NP =4-NP < < 2-CP <phenol <4-CP < 3-CP <2,4 DCP<3,4 DCP-2,4,5 TCP<3,5 DCP. In all cases the experimental data showed a good fit with the Hill equation, which is mathematically equivalent to the Langmuir-Freundlich model obtained by assuming that the surface is homogeneous, and that the adsorption is a cooperative process influenced by adsorbate-adsorbate interactions. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.