Habitat fragmentation and its lasting impact on Earth's ecosystems

被引：2771

作者：

Haddad, Nick M. ^{[1
]}

Brudvig, Lars A. ^{[2
]}

Clobert, Jean ^{[3
]}

Davies, Kendi F. ^{[4
]}

Gonzalez, Andrew ^{[5
]}

Holt, Robert D. ^{[6
]}

Lovejoy, Thomas E. ^{[7
]}

Sexton, Joseph O. ^{[8
]}

Austin, Mike P. ^{[9
]}

Collins, Cathy D. ^{[10
]}

Cook, William M. ^{[11
]}

Damschen, Ellen I. ^{[12
]}

Ewers, Robert M. ^{[13
]}

Foster, Bryan L. ^{[14
,15
]}

Jenkins, Clinton N. ^{[16
]}

King, Andrew J. ^{[9
]}

Laurance, William F. ^{[17
,18
]}

Levey, Douglas J. ^{[19
]}

Margules, Chris R. ^{[20
,21
]}

Melbourne, Brett A. ^{[4
]}

Nicholls, A. O. ^{[9
,22
]}

Orrock, John L. ^{[12
]}

Song, Dan-Xia ^{[8
]}

Townshend, John R. ^{[8
]}

机构：

[1] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA

[2] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA

[3] CNRS, Moulis USR 2936, Stn Ecol Expt, F-09200 Moulis, St Girons, France

[4] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA

[5] McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada

[6] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA

[7] George Mason Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA

[8] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, Global Land Cover Facil, College Pk, MD 20702 USA

[9] CSIRO Land & Water Flagship, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia

[10] Colby Coll, Dept Biol, Waterville, ME 04901 USA

[11] St Cloud State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA

[12] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA

[13] Imperial Coll London, Dept Life Sci, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England

[14] Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66047 USA

[15] Univ Kansas, Kansas Biol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66047 USA

[16] Inst Pesquisas Ecol, BR-12960000 Sao Paulo, Brazil

[17] James Cook Univ, Ctr Trop Environm & Sustainabil Sci, Cairns, Qld 4878, Australia

[18] James Cook Univ, Coll Marine & Environm Sci, Cairns, Qld 4878, Australia

[19] Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA 22230 USA

[20] James Cook Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Ctr Trop Environm & Sustainabil Sci, Cairns 4878, Australia

[21] Univ Indonesia, Res Ctr Climate Change, Kota Depok 16424, Java Barat, Indonesia

[22] Charles Sturt Univ, Inst Land Water & Soc, Albury, NSW 2640, Australia

来源：

SCIENCE ADVANCES | 2015年 / 1卷 / 02期

基金：

加拿大自然科学与工程研究理事会; 欧洲研究理事会; 美国国家科学基金会; 美国安德鲁·梅隆基金会;

关键词：

FOREST FRAGMENTATION; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; GENETIC CONSEQUENCES; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; SPECIES RICHNESS; EXTINCTION DEBT; LANDSCAPE; DYNAMICS; DISPERSAL; CONNECTIVITY;

D O I：

10.1126/sciadv.1500052

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

We conducted an analysis of global forest cover to reveal that 70% of remaining forest is within 1 km of the forest's edge, subject to the degrading effects of fragmentation. A synthesis of fragmentation experiments spanning multiple biomes and scales, five continents, and 35 years demonstrates that habitat fragmentation reduces biodiversity by 13 to 75% and impairs key ecosystem functions by decreasing biomass and altering nutrient cycles. Effects are greatest in the smallest and most isolated fragments, and they magnify with the passage of time. These findings indicate an urgent need for conservation and restoration measures to improve landscape connectivity, which will reduce extinction rates and help maintain ecosystem services.

引用

页数：9

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