Some recent developments in headspace gas chromatography

In this study, recent developments in headspace gas chromatography (HSGC) are briefly reviewed. Several novel HSGC techniques developed recently are presented in detail. These techniques were developed using the unique characteristics of the headspace sampling process implemented in commercial HSGC systems and therefore can be easily applied in laboratory and industrial practices. These techniques greatly expand the capability of traditional HSGC from simply analysis of volatile species to the measurements of nonvolatile species in solid systems and their properties in aqueous systems. The basic principles of the techniques along with specific applications are presented. These HSGC techniques are practical, accurate, and simple for both laboratory and industrial applications.