Lasers, Fillers, and Neurotoxins Avoiding Complications in the Cosmetic Facial Practice

被引：10

作者：

Hassouneh, Basil ^{[1
]}

Newman, James P. ^{[2
,3
]}

机构：

[1] McMaster Univ, Dept Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada

[2] Stanford Univ, Palo Alto, CA 94306 USA

[3] Premier Plast Surg, Palo Alto, CA 94306 USA

来源：

FACIAL PLASTIC SURGERY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA | 2013年 / 21卷 / 04期

关键词：

Laser resurfacing; Facial fillers; Neurotoxins; Complications in cosmetic surgery; TOXIN TYPE-A; EFFICACY; SAFETY; PREVENTION; EXPERIENCE; INJECTIONS; INFECTION; NECROSIS; VOLUME; FACE;

D O I：

10.1016/j.fsc.2013.07.002

中图分类号：

R61 [外科手术学];

学科分类号：

摘要：

Lasers, injectable fillers, and neurotoxins are widely used in facial restoration and rejuvenation by a variety of practitioners. Although they are less invasive than traditional surgical modalities, they still carry risks for both transient as well as permanent complications. It is paramount for the practitioner to understand these complications, optimize their prevention, and initiate appropriate treatment when they are encountered. This article reviews early, often transient, complications as well as delayed, often prolonged or permanent, complications, with particular focus on prevention and management.

引用

页码：585 / +

页数：16

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