Improved Doppler echocardiographic assessment of the left atrial appendage by peripheral vein injection of sonicated albumin microbubbles

We evaluated the;usefulness of peripherally injected sonicated albumin microbubbles in transesophageal echo-Doppler cardiographic assessment of the left atrial appendage in 19 patients (age 61 +/- 19 [range 21 to 86] years; 12 [63%] women). Multiplane transesophageal echocardiography was performed before and after intravenous injection of sonicated albumin, and the left atrial appendage image and Doppler flow signal quality were assessed by a grading system of 0 to 3+ (0 = poor, 1+ = adequate, 2+ = good, and 3+ = excellent). Microbubbles appeared in the left atrium in 15 (79%) of 19 patients and completely opacified the left atrial appendage in 7 (37%) of 19 patients. Left atrial appendage maximal and minimal areas by planimetry were similar before and after contrast injection, although image quality improved in 13 (68%) of 19 patients (echocardiographic grade 1.8 +/- 0.6 vs 2.6 +/- 0.5, p < 0.001). Similarly, left atrial appendage peak emptying and peak filling Doppler flow velocities did not change before and after contrast injection, although Doppler flow signal quality improved in 12 (63%) of 19 patients (Doppler grade 1.6 +/- 0.5 vs 2.1 +/- 0.8, p < 0.05). Overall, contrast injection improved left atrial appendage echocardiographic or Doppler quality in 16 (84%) of 19 patients. Thus peripheral vein injection of sonicated albumin microbubbles can improve the assessment of left atrial appendage structure and function by transesophageal echocardiography.