Characterization of the Nucleus, Morphology, and Activity of Interstellar Comet 2I/Borisov by Optical and Near-infrared GROWTH, Apache Point, IRTF, ZTF, and Keck Observations

被引：31

作者：

Bolin, Bryce T. ^{[1
,2
]}

Lisse, Carey M. ^{[3
]}

Kasliwal, Mansi M. ^{[1
]}

Quimby, Robert ^{[4
,5
]}

Tan, Hanjie ^{[6
]}

Copperwheat, Chris M. ^{[7
]}

Lin, Zhong-Yi ^{[6
]}

Morbidelli, Alessandro ^{[8
]}

Abe, Lyu ^{[8
]}

Bendjoya, Philippe ^{[8
]}

Burdge, Kevin B. ^{[1
]}

Coughlin, Michael ^{[9
]}

Fremling, Christoffer ^{[1
]}

Itoh, Ryosuke ^{[10
]}

Koss, Michael ^{[11
]}

Masci, Frank J. ^{[2
]}

Maeno, Syota ^{[10
]}

Mamajek, Eric E. ^{[12
,13
]}

Marocco, Federico ^{[2
,12
]}

Murata, Katsuhiro ^{[14
]}

Rivet, Jean-Pierre ^{[8
]}

Sitko, Michael L. ^{[15
,16
]}

Stern, Daniel ^{[12
]}

Vernet, David ^{[17
]}

Walters, Richard ^{[1
]}

Yan, Lin ^{[1
]}

Andreoni, Igor ^{[1
]}

Bhalerao, Varun ^{[18
]}

Bodewits, Dennis ^{[19
]}

De, Kishalay ^{[1
]}

Deshmukh, Kunal P. ^{[20
]}

Bellm, Eric C. ^{[21
]}

Blagorodnova, Nadejda ^{[22
]}

Buzasi, Derek ^{[23
]}

Cenko, S. Bradley ^{[24
,25
]}

Chang, Chan-Kao ^{[6
]}

Chojnowski, Drew ^{[26
]}

Dekany, Richard ^{[27
]}

Duev, Dmitry A. ^{[1
]}

Graham, Matthew ^{[1
]}

Juric, Mario ^{[28
]}

Kulkarni, Shrinivas R. ^{[1
]}

Kupfer, Thomas ^{[29
]}

Mahabal, Ashish ^{[1
,30
]}

Neill, James D. ^{[1
]}

Ngeow, Chow-Choong ^{[6
]}

Penprase, Bryan ^{[31
]}

Riddle, Reed ^{[27
]}

Rodriguez, Hector ^{[27
]}

Smith, Roger M. ^{[27
]}

机构：

[1] CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA

[2] CALTECH, IPAC, Mail Code 100-22,1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA

[3] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA

[4] San Diego State Univ, Dept Astron, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA

[5] Univ Tokyo, Inst Adv Study, Kavli Inst Phys & Math Universe WPI, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan

[6] Natl Cent Univ, Inst Astron, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan

[7] Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, Merseyside, England

[8] Univ Cote Azur, Observ Cote Azur, CNRS, Lab Lagrange, Blvd Observ,CS 34229, F-06304 Nice 4, France

[9] CALTECH, LIGO Lab, West Bridge,Rm 257,MC 100-36, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA

[10] Bisei Astron Observ, 1723-70 Ohkur A, Okayama 7141411, Japan

[11] Eureka Sci, 5248 Valley View Rd, El Sobrante, CA 94803 USA

[12] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA

[13] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA

[14] Tokyo Inst Technol, 2 Chome-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 1528550, Japan

[15] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Phys, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA

[16] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA

[17] Univ Cote Azur, Observ Cote Azur, UMS Galilee, Nice, France

[18] Indian Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India

[19] Auburn Univ, Leach Sci Ctr, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36832 USA

[20] Indian Inst Technol, Dept Met Engn & Mat Sci, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India

[21] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, DIRAC Inst, 3910 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

[22] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, IMAPP, Dept Astrophys, Nijmegen, Netherlands

[23] Florida Gulf Coast Univ, Dept Chem & Phys, 10501 FGCU Blvd S, Ft Myers, FL 33965 USA

[24] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA

[25] Univ Maryland, Joint Space Sci Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA

[26] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, POB 30001,MSC 4500, Las Cruces, NM 88001 USA

[27] CALTECH, Caltech Opt Observ, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA

[28] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, 3910 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

[29] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Kavli Inst Theoret Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA

[30] CALTECH, Ctr Data Driven Discovery, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA

[31] Soka Univ Amer, 425 Pauling Hall,1 Univ Dr, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656 USA

[32] Univ Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LPC, IN2P3, Clermont Ferrand, France

[33] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden

[34] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA

[35] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys & Astrophys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel

来源：

ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL | 2020年 / 160卷 / 01期

基金：

美国国家科学基金会; 英国科学技术设施理事会; 美国国家航空航天局;

关键词：

Comets; Minor planets; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; ENSEMBLE PROPERTIES; ASTEROIDS; DUST; SCATTERING; TELESCOPE; COLOR; SIZE; 67P/CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENKO; SPECTROSCOPY;

D O I：

10.3847/1538-3881/ab9305

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

We present visible and near-infrared (NIR) photometric and spectroscopic observations of interstellar object (ISO) 2I/Borisov taken from 2019 September 10 to 2019 December 20 using the GROWTH, the Apache Point Observatory Astrophysical Research Consortium 3.5 m, and the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility 3.0 m combined with pre- and postdiscovery observations of 2I obtained by the Zwicky Transient Facility from 2019 March 17 to 2019 May 5. Comparison with imaging of distant solar system comets shows an object very similar to mildly active solar system comets with an outgassing rate of similar to 10(27)mol s(-1). The photometry, taken in filters spanning the visible and NIR range, shows a gradual brightening trend of similar to 0.03 mag day(-1)since 2019 September 10 UTC for a reddish object becoming neutral in the NIR. The light curve from recent and prediscovery data reveals a brightness trend suggesting the recent onset of significant H2O sublimation with the comet being active with super volatiles such as CO at heliocentric distances >6 au consistent with its extended morphology. Using the advanced capability to significantly reduce the scattered light from the coma enabled by high-resolution NIR images from Keck adaptive optics taken on 2019 October 4, we estimate a diameter for 2I's nucleus of less than or similar to 1.4 km. We use the size estimates of 1I/'Oumuamua and 2I/Borisov to roughly estimate the slope of the ISO size distribution, resulting in a slope of similar to 3.4 1.2, similar to solar system comets and bodies produced from collisional equilibrium.

引用

页数：16

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