The context of context: Examining the associations between healthy and unhealthy measures of neighborhood food, physical activity, and social environments

被引:36
作者
Myers, Candice A. [1 ]
Denstel, Kara D. [1 ]
Broyles, Stephanie T. [1 ]
机构
[1] Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, 6400 Perkins Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA
基金
美国国家卫生研究院;
关键词
Neighborhood; Place; Co-location; Spatial analysis; Cluster analysis; BODY-MASS INDEX; MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS; ALCOHOL OUTLETS; OBESITY; STORES; VALIDATION; QUANTIFICATION; SUPERMARKETS; LOCATION; DENSITY;
D O I
10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.09.009
中图分类号
R1 [预防医学、卫生学];
学科分类号
1004 ; 120402 ;
摘要
Multilevel health research often focuses on a singular dimension of the neighborhood environment in relation to individual-level health behaviors (e.g., diet, physical activity) and outcomes (e.g., obesity). This study examined associations between healthy and unhealthy neighborhood features across food, physical activity, and social environments. We used neighborhood-level (i.e., census block group) access (0/1) measures of the 1) food (grocery store, convenience store, fast food restaurant), 2) physical activity (fitness/recreation facility, park), and 3) social (crime, renter occupancy) environments to capture both healthy and unhealthy neighborhood features for a sample of neighborhoods (n = 126) in East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana, United States. We employed a) bivariate correlations, or spatial regression where necessary, to identify significant associations between neighborhood access measures; and b) two-step cluster analysis to identify neighborhood typologies based upon neighborhood access measures. Results demonstrated multiple significant associations between healthy and unhealthy access measures across the three neighborhood environments. Cluster analysis further confirmed that neighborhoods are not completely healthy or unhealthy, but rather can be characterized by neighborhood features that are both health-promoting and health-constraining. This study elucidates a 'context of context' whereby no singular aspect of a neighborhood completely explains health in individuals. Rather, in order to effectively model the association between neighborhood and individual-level health, it may be necessary to account for the inter-related nature of neighborhood features. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:21 / 26
页数:6
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