Investigating Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 Allosteric Modulator Cooperativity, Affinity, and Agonism: Enriching Structure-Function Studies and Structure-Activity Relationships

被引:74
作者
Gregory, Karen J. [1 ,2 ,4 ]
Noetzel, Meredith J. [1 ,2 ]
Rook, Jerri M. [1 ,2 ]
Vinson, Paige N. [1 ,2 ]
Stauffer, Shaun R. [1 ,2 ]
Rodriguez, Alice L. [1 ,2 ]
Emmitte, Kyle A. [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Zhou, Ya [1 ,2 ]
Chun, Aspen C. [1 ,2 ]
Felts, Andrew S. [1 ,2 ]
Chauder, Brian A. [1 ,2 ]
Lindsley, Craig W. [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Niswender, Colleen M. [1 ,2 ]
Conn, P. Jeffrey [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
[2] Vanderbilt Ctr Neurosci Drug Discovery, Nashville, TN USA
[3] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Chem, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
[4] Monash Univ, Monash Inst Pharmaceut Sci, Parkville, Vic, Australia
基金
美国国家卫生研究院; 英国医学研究理事会;
关键词
RAT BEHAVIORAL-MODELS; IN-VIVO ACTIVITY; MGLU5; RECEPTOR; HIGHLY POTENT; NONCOMPETITIVE ANTAGONISTS; SUBTYPE-5; ANTAGONISTS; ANXIOLYTIC ACTIVITY; ANTIPSYCHOTIC-LIKE; BINDING POCKETS; DRUG DISCOVERY;
D O I
10.1124/mol.112.080531
中图分类号
R9 [药学];
学科分类号
1007 ;
摘要
Drug discovery programs increasingly are focusing on allosteric modulators as a means to modify the activity of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) targets. Allosteric binding sites are topographically distinct from the endogenous ligand (orthosteric) binding site, which allows for co-occupation of a single receptor with the endogenous ligand and an allosteric modulator that can alter receptor pharmacological characteristics. Negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) inhibit and positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) enhance the affinity and/or efficacy of orthosteric agonists. Established approaches for estimation of affinity and efficacy values for orthosteric ligands are not appropriate for allosteric modulators, and this presents challenges for fully understanding the actions of novel modulators of GPCRs. Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu(5)) is a family C GPCR for which a large array of allosteric modulators have been identified. We took advantage of the many tools for probing allosteric sites on mGlu(5) to validate an operational model of allosterism that allows quantitative estimation of modulator affinity and cooperativity values. Affinity estimates derived from functional assays fit well with affinities measured in radioligand binding experiments for both PAMs and NAMs with diverse chemical scaffolds and varying degrees of cooperativity. We observed modulation bias for PAMs when we compared mGlu(5)-mediated Ca2+ mobilization and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation data. Furthermore, we used this model to quantify the effects of mutations that reduce binding or potentiation by PAMs. This model can be applied to PAM and NAM potency curves in combination with maximal fold-shift data to derive reliable estimates of modulator affinities.
引用
收藏
页码:860 / 875
页数:16
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