The participation of HIV-1-infected pregnant women in a programme of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV in Abidjan is described. Prenatal counselling with a rapid HIV test was proposed to 14 067 pregnant women, and acceptance was 89.4%. The return rate for results was 74.2%. The HIV-1 prevalence was 11.1%, and 26.2% of HIV-infected women started the prevention of MTCT programme. To increase the uptake, we recommend community mobilization and the strengthening of male involvement.