Interleukin-1β, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels in CSF and serum in relation to the clinical diversity of Parkinson's disease

Several parameters representing the clinical diversity of Parkinson's disease (PD), including severity, phenotypes, cognitive decline, anxiety and depression were analyzed to examine the link with interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) and also to determine the relationship between levels of these factors in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Significantly elevated serum IL-1 beta and IL-6 and reduced IL-1RA levels were found in the PD group. In CSF and serum, inflammatory factors behaved differently, with increased CSF TNFa indicating rapid PD progression, and increased IL-1 beta in serum. A low level of IL-6 was associated with a longer duration of PD. Anxiety, depression, non-tremor phenotype and late-onset PD correlated with a high serum level of IL-10. The serum TNF alpha level was lower in PD patients with mild cognitive impairment compared to controls. Serum IL-1 beta, IL-6 and IL-10 levels correlated with CSF markers.