The application of ceramic-matrix composites to the automotive ceramic gas turbine

A Japanese 100 kW automotive ceramic gas turbine (CGT) project was started in 1990 and was concluded successfully in 1997. This project was supported by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry and was conducted by the Petroleum Energy Center to achieve the targets of this project such as higher thermal efficiency over 40% at a turbine inlet temperature of 1350 degrees C, lower exhaust emissions to meet Japanese regulations, and multi-fuel capabilities. Ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs) are expected to become one of the most reliable materials for high-temperature use to make up for the deficient properties of monolithic ceramics and heat-resistant alloys. Carbon fiber, silicon nitride fiber, silicon carbide fiber, silicon carbide whisker, in situ silicon nitride, TiB2/milled carbon fiber were used as reinforcements for silicon carbide, Si-N-C, SiAlON and silicon nitride matrix composites. Higher mechanical properties tested by the developed testing standards, and reliability against thermal shock, particle impact damage and creep resistance were confirmed to apply these CMCs for engine components. Several screening test steps were performed before the engine tests and these confirmed that CMC had strong potential for actual engine components. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.