Estrogen, progesterone, and genistein differentially regulate levels of expression of α-, β-, and γ-epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) and α-sodium potassium pump (Na+/K+-ATPase) in the uteri of sex steroid-deficient rats

Estrogen, progesterone, and genistein could induce changes in uterine fluid volume and Na+ concentration. Progesterone upregulates expression of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) and Na+/K+-ATPase which contributed toward these changes. However, effects of estrogen and genistein were unknown. This study therefore investigated changes in expression of these proteins in the uterus under estrogen, progesterone, and genistein influences to further understand mechanisms underlying sex steroids and phytoestrogen effects on uterine fluid Na+ regulation. In this study, uteri of ovariectomized female rats receiving 7-day treatment with genistein (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg/day), estrogen (0.8 x 10(-4) mg/kg/day), or progesterone (4 mg/kg/day) were harvested, and expression levels of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-ENaC proteins and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and alpha-Na+/K+-ATPase protein were determined by Western blotting (proteins) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (mRNA). Meanwhile, distribution of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-ENaC and alpha-Na+/K+-ATPase proteins in the uterus was identified by immunohistochemistry. Our findings indicated that expression of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-ENaC proteins and mRNAs and alpha-Na+/K+-ATPase protein were enhanced under progesterone influence. Lower expressions were noted under estrogen and genistein influences compared to progesterone. Under estrogen, progesterone, and genistein influences, alpha- and beta-ENaC were distributed at apical membrane and gamma-ENaC was distributed at apical and basolateral membranes of uterine luminal epithelia. Under progesterone influence, alpha-Na+/K+-ATPase was highly expressed at basolateral membrane. In conclusion, high expression of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-ENaC and alpha-Na+/K+-ATPase under progesterone influence would contribute toward increased uterine fluid Na+ reabsorption, whereas lesser expression of these proteins under estrogen and genistein influences would contribute toward lower reabsorption of uterine fluid Na+. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.