Temporal and spatial analysis of the 2014-2015 Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa

被引：224

作者：

Carroll, Miles W. ^{[1
,2
,3
]}

Matthews, David A. ^{[4
]}

Hiscox, Julian A. ^{[5
]}

Elmore, Michael J. ^{[1
]}

Pollakis, Georgios ^{[5
]}

Rambaut, Andrew ^{[6
,7
,8
]}

Hewson, Roger ^{[1
,2
,9
]}

Garcia-Dorival, Isabel ^{[5
]}

Bore, Joseph Akoi ^{[2
,10
,11
]}

Koundouno, Raymond ^{[2
,10
,11
]}

Abdellati, Said ^{[2
,12
]}

Afrough, Babak ^{[1
,2
]}

Aiyepada, John ^{[2
,13
]}

Akhilomen, Patience ^{[2
,13
]}

Asogun, Danny ^{[2
,13
]}

Atkinson, Barry ^{[1
,2
]}

Badusche, Marlis ^{[2
,14
,15
]}

Bah, Amadou ^{[2
,16
]}

Bate, Simon ^{[1
,2
]}

Baumann, Jan ^{[2
,14
]}

Becker, Dirk ^{[2
,15
,17
]}

Becker-Ziaja, Beate ^{[2
,14
,15
]}

Bocquin, Anne ^{[2
,18
,19
]}

Borremans, Benny ^{[2
,20
]}

Bosworth, Andrew ^{[1
,2
,5
]}

Boettcher, Jan Peter ^{[2
,21
]}

Cannas, Angela ^{[2
,22
]}

Carletti, Fabrizio ^{[2
,22
]}

Castilletti, Concetta ^{[2
,22
]}

Clark, Simon ^{[1
,2
]}

Colavita, Francesca ^{[2
,22
]}

Diederich, Sandra ^{[2
,15
,23
]}

Donatus, Adomeh ^{[2
,13
]}

Duraffour, Sophie ^{[2
,14
,24
]}

Ehichioya, Deborah ^{[2
,14
,25
]}

Ellerbrok, Heinz ^{[2
,21
]}

Fernandez-Garcia, Maria Dolores ^{[2
,26
]}

Fizet, Alexandra ^{[2
,18
,27
]}

Fleischmann, Erna ^{[2
,15
,28
]}

Gryseels, Sophie ^{[2
,20
]}

Hermelink, Antje ^{[2
,21
]}

Hinzmann, Julia ^{[2
,21
]}

Hopf-Guevara, Ute ^{[2
,21
]}

Ighodalo, Yemisi ^{[2
,13
]}

Jameson, Lisa ^{[1
,2
]}

Kelterbaum, Anne ^{[2
,15
,17
]}

Kis, Zoltan ^{[2
,29
]}

Kloth, Stefan ^{[2
,21
]}

Kohl, Claudia ^{[2
,21
]}

Korva, Misa ^{[2
,30
]}

机构：

[1] Publ Hlth England, Porton Down SP4 0JG, Wilts, England

[2] Bernhard Nocht Inst Trop Med, European Mobile Lab Consortium, D-20359 Hamburg, Germany

[3] Univ Southampton, South Gen Hosp, Southampton SO16 6YD, Hants, England

[4] Univ Bristol, Sch Med Sci, Dept Cellular & Mol Med, Bristol BS8 1TD, Avon, England

[5] Univ Liverpool, Inst Infect & Global Hlth, Liverpool L69 2BE, Merseyside, England

[6] Univ Edinburgh, Inst Evolutionary Biol, Edinburgh EH9 2FL, Midlothian, Scotland

[7] NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA

[8] Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Immunol Infect & Evolut, Edinburgh EH9 2FL, Midlothian, Scotland

[9] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1E 7HT, England

[10] Univ Gamal Abdel Nasser Conakry, Lab Fievres Hemorrag Guinee, Conakry, Guinea

[11] Inst Nacl Sante Publ, Conakry, Guinea

[12] Inst Trop Med, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium

[13] Irrua Specialist Teaching Hosp, Inst Lassa Fever Res & Control, Irrua, Edo State, Nigeria

[14] Bernhard Nocht Inst Trop Med, D-20359 Hamburg, Germany

[15] German Ctr Infect Res DZIF, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany

[16] Univ Basel, Swiss Trop & Publ Hlth Inst, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland

[17] Philipps Univ Marburg, Inst Virol, D-35043 Marburg, Germany

[18] Natl Reference Ctr Viral Hemorrhag Fevers, F-69365 Lyon, France

[19] US003 Inserm, Inserm Jean Merieux, Lab P4, F-69365 Lyon, France

[20] Univ Antwerp, Dept Biol, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium

[21] Robert Koch Inst, D-13353 Berlin, Germany

[22] Natl Inst Infect Dis INMI Lazzaro Spallanzani, I-00149 Rome, Italy

[23] Fed Res Inst Anim Hlth, Friedrich Loeffler Inst, D-17493 Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany

[24] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Rega Inst, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium

[25] Redeemers Univ, Mowe, Osun State, Nigeria

[26] Inst Salud Carlos III, Ctr Nacl Microbiol, Madrid 28029, Spain

[27] Inst Pasteur, Unite Biol Infect Virales Emergentes, F-69365 Lyon, France

[28] Bundeswehr Inst Microbiol, D-80937 Munich, Germany

[29] Natl Ctr Epidemiol, Natl Biosafety Lab, H-1097 Budapest, Hungary

[30] Univ Ljubljana, Fac Med, Inst Microbiol & Immunol, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia

[31] Publ Hlth Agcy Sweden, S-17182 Solna, Sweden

[32] Leibniz Inst Expt Virol, Heinrich Pette Inst, D-20251 Hamburg, Germany

[33] Univ Bonn, Inst Virol, D-53127 Bonn, Germany

[34] Fed Off Civil Protect, Spiez Lab, CH-3700 Spiez, Switzerland

[35] Bundeswehr Hosp, D-22049 Hamburg, Germany

[36] Inst Virol & Immunol, CH-3147 Mittelhausern, Switzerland

[37] Janssen Cilag, SE-19207 Sollentuna, Sweden

[38] Thunen Inst, D-22767 Hamburg, Germany

[39] Eurice European Res & Project Off GmbH, D-10115 Berlin, Germany

[40] Univ Liverpool, Inst Integrat Biol, Ctr Genom Res, Liverpool L69 7ZB, Merseyside, England

[41] UCL, Dept Infect & Populat Hlth, London WC1E 6JB, England

[42] Univ Bristol, Res IT, Bristol BS8 1HH, Avon, England

[43] Univ Bristol, Adv Comp Res Ctr, Bristol BS8 1HH, Avon, England

[44] Minist Hlth Guinea, Conakry, Guinea

[45] WHO, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland

[46] World Hlth Org, Conakry, Guinea

[47] Med Sans Frontieres, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium

[48] Direct Prefectorale Sante Gueckedou, Sect Prevent & Lutte Malad, Gueckedou, Guinea

[49] Univ Gamal Abdel Nasser Conakry, Conakry, Guinea

[50] Hlth & Sustainable Dev Fdn, Conakry, Guinea

来源：

NATURE | 2015年 / 524卷 / 7563期

关键词：

INFERENCE; MODEL; VP24;

D O I：

10.1038/nature14594

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

West Africa is currently witnessing the most extensive Ebola virus (EBOV) outbreak so far recorded(1-3). Until now, there have been 27,013 reported cases and 11,134 deaths. The origin of the virus is thought to have been a zoonotic transmission from a bat to a two-year-old boy in December 2013 (ref. 2). From this index case the virus was spread by human-to-human contact throughout Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia. However, the origin of the particular virus in each country and time of transmission is not known and currently relies on epidemiological analysis, which may be unreliable owing to the difficulties of obtaining patient information. Here we trace the genetic evolution of EBOV in the current outbreak that has resulted in multiple lineages. Deep sequencing of 179 patient samples processed by the European Mobile Laboratory, the first diagnostics unit to be deployed to the epicentre of the outbreak in Guinea, reveals an epidemiological and evolutionary history of the epidemic from March 2014 to January 2015. Analysis of EBOV genome evolution has also benefited from a similar sequencing effort of patient samples from Sierra Leone. Our results confirm that the EBOV from Guinea moved into Sierra Leone, most likely in April or early May. The viruses of the Guinea/Sierra Leone lineage mixed around June/July 2014. Viral sequences covering August, September and October 2014 indicate that this lineage evolved independently within Guinea. These data can be used in conjunction with epidemiological information to test retrospectively the effectiveness of control measures, and provides an unprecedented window into the evolution of an ongoing viral haemorrhagic fever outbreak.

引用

页码：97 / U201

页数：10

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