Health literacy strengths and limitations among rural fishing communities in Egypt using the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ)

Introduction Health literacy is an important determinant of health. The aim of this study was to use a multi-dimensional measurement tool to describe the health literacy of people living in a fishing community in northern Egypt. Methods and analysis Data were collected from 436 people (fisherman and their families), using the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ), which includes 9 scales. Effect sizes (ES) for standardized mean differences estimated the magnitude of difference between demographic groups. Results The mean age of participants was 42 years, 50% were male, 42% were working in the fishing sector, 17.9% had access to the Internet and 36.8% were illiterate. Male participants showed higher capabilities in scales3.Actively managing my healthand4.Social support for health(ES = 0.21 and 0.27, respectively). In comparison to other occupations, fishing occupation had a negative impact on scale7.Navigating the healthcare system(ES -0.23). Also, higher educational level was associated with higher HLQ indicators. Across all scales, scale2.Having sufficient information to manage my healthshowed the lowest mean (SD) score; 2.23 (0.76) indicating that most people reported they didn't have enough information. Conclusions This study has revealed that fishermen and their families have a wide range of health literacy difficulties which are likely to have profound negative effects on health behavior and health outcomes.