Self-assembled magnetic nanostructures

Nanomaterials exhibit truly unique, novel and tunable properties non-existent in their bulk counterparts. Reducing the magnetic grain size and narrowing the size distribution are two key issues in high density magnetic recording. It is preferred that magnetic nanoparticles are prepared in particle size of less than 10 nm and are isolated from other particles to avoid exchange coupling between adjacent particles. The authors describe here the commonly used methods to synthesise nanoparticles and nanostructures with particular emphasis on the synthesis of magnetic materials. Also discussed are factors that influence the self-assembly process, including the interactions between the particles, the interaction between the particles and the solvent, and the interaction between the particles and the substrate. The prospects for the molecular self-assembly continue to hold promise because of progressive developments in synthesis and processing techniques, enabling the required control in the formation and manipulation of nanostructures. In the synthesis of nanoparticles for varying applications, one of the fundamental aspects of concern is the ability of the nanoparticles to self-assemble either during slow evaporation of the solvent or during the precipitation process such that they will exhibit the desired functional properties, magnetic, optical, and electronic. The ultimate challenge is the control of self-assembly of nanoparticles in three-dimensions. Preparation of three-dimensional nanostructures with precisely controlled geometry presents a formidable challenge in the development of nanostructures. The ongoing challenge is the fabrication of multicomponent systems consisting of different nanosized building blocks that are structurally and chemically attractive for storage devices and cell targeted drug delivery.