Bias Introduced by True Radiation Patterns in RSS-based Visible Light Positioning

Visible light positioning is an emerging technology for indoor localization that has the advantage of high precision on the distance estimation. Unfortunately, there are several aspects that can introduce biased results. The research published so far on this technology considers perfect Lambertian radiation patterns. In this work, the impact of the deviation of the radiation pattern of an off-the-shelf LED compared with the Lambertian radiator on the distance estimation is investigated. This impact is quantified and it is shown how knowledge of the true radiation pattern leads to the introduced bias on the distance estimation for any height.