Heat shock proteins (HSPs) and HSP70-HSP90 organizing proteins (HOPs) are related, and they function together to maintain cellular homeostasis and respond to stress. In the present study, we reported the first molecular characteristics ofHSP70(designated asCeHSP70) andHOP(designated asCeHOP) genes from the freshwater green algaeClosterium ehrenbergiiand examined the changes in their expression profiles under heat stress and toxic chemicals treatment. CeHSP70 presented the conserved motif patterns and EEVD domain specific to cytosolic HSP70; CeHOP contained a typical domain of TPR repeats. Real-time PCR analysis showed that thermal stress considerably up-regulated bothCeHOPandCeHSP70. In addition, the genes were significantly induced by CuCl2, CuSO4, and NiSO4, but not by K2Cr2O7, herbicide, and endocrine disrupting chemicals. These results suggest thatCeHOPandCeHSP70function together and play a role in responses to specific stressors and indicate their possible use as sensitive specific biomarkers in risk assessments.