Investigation of the Antioxidant, α-Glucosidase Inhibitory, Anti-inflammatory, and DNA Protective Properties of Vaccinium arctostaphylos L.

Objectives: The scope of this study was to investigate the total phenolic, anthocyanin, and flavonoid contents and the biological properties of ethanol extract (EE), methanol extract (ME), and aqueous extract (AE) from Vaccinium arctostaphylos L. Materials and Methods: EE, ME, and AE of V. arctostaphylos were prepared. Various biological activities such as total phenolic, anthocyanin, and flavonoid contents, and antioxidant (2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl ferrous ion-chelating, and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays), alpha-glucosidase inhibitory, anti-inflammatory, and DNA protective properties of these extracts were studied. Results: EE exhibited the highest total phenolic, anthocyanin, and flavonoid contents with 44.42 +/- 1.22 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry weight, 8.46 +/- 0.49 mg/Cyaniding-3-glucoside equivalents/g dry weight, and 9.22 +/- 0.92 mg quercetin equivalents/g dry weight, respectively. The antioxidant activities of the extracts followed the order: EE>ME>AE. EE and ME inhibited alpha-glucosidase enzyme and their IC50 values were 0.301 +/- 0.002 mg/mL and 0.477 +/- 0.003 mg/mL, respectively. In addition, EE and ME were determined as noncompetitive inhibitors with inhibitory constant (K-i) values of 0.48 +/- 0.02 mg/mL and 0.46 +/- 0.01 mg/mL, respectively. EE in 100 and 300 mg/kg doses caused a significant reduction in formalin-induced edema in mice, demonstrating the anti-inflammatory effect of EE. In DNA protective studies, all of the extracts protected supercoiled plasmid pBR322 DNA against damage caused by Fenton's reagents due to their radical scavenging activities. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that EE of V. arctostaphylos L. had strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, alpha-glucosidase inhibitory, and DNA protective effects, suggesting that it might be an effective medical plant to prevent or treat diseases associated with oxidative damage and inflammation.