Exploration of the role of anti-Mullerian hormone and LH/FSH ratio in diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome

Objective This study explores the role of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and LH/FSH ratio in diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods In this multicentre cross-sectional descriptive study, a total of 863 infertile women between 18 and 45 years were evaluated at three infertility centres in Vietnam and were recruited from June 2016 to June 2017. The patients were classified into two groups: Group I included 441 patients with PCOS (based on Rotterdam criteria consensus) and Group II included 422 non-PCOS women. Diagnosis of PCOS was established based on Rotterdam 2003 consensus, and exclusion criteria were ovarian disease (ovary cyst/tumour), history of ovarian surgery and ovarian failure. Results At an optimum cut-off level of 32.79 pmol/L, AMH showed sensitivity and specificity of 78.50% and 75.83%, respectively, with the AUC 0.852 (95% CI: 0.826-0.875). The LH/FSH ratio had a similar AUC at the optimum cut-off of 1.33 (AUC = 0.867, 95% CI 0.842-0.889), which demonstrated a similar diagnosis value to AMH (P = 0.340). By using multiple logistic regression analysis, 1 ng/mL increase in AMH levels was associated with an increased risk of PCOS (OR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.506-1.764; P < 0.001). Similarly, one unit increase in LH/FSH ratio was associated with 14.433 times increased (95% CI: 9.302-22.395; P < 0.001) risk of PCOS. There were no significant differences between values of AMH and LH/FSH ratio in PCOS diagnosis, as the difference between the two AUCs was 0.013, 95% CI: -0.024 to 0.028 and P = 0.897. Conclusion The value of serum AMH concentration has been found not significantly superior to LH/FSH ratio in PCOS diagnosis. Although these biomarkers separately are not adequate for PCOS diagnosis based on their own value, the combination of different endocrine factors including AMH, LH and LH/FSH ratio together with BMI and other anthropometric and clinical characteristics may offer extra value to establish the diagnosis of PCOS.