The factors affecting visual discomfort of dental hygienist

The objectives of the paper were to analyse the visual behaviour and visual discomfort parameters of dental practitioner at work, introducing the "lighting quality" approach in professional lighting using a suitable measurement methodology able to evaluate all relevant photometric and spectral parameters, not only the standard expected, but also the luminance map of the visual field. Spectral investigations are necessary to evaluate the damage potential of the lighting radiation while the luminance map allows the evaluation of sources of visual discomfort and disability. The "quality of lighting" is a new concept not yet considered in professional lighting but already recognized in road lighting standards. The paper provides also suggestions for new measurement methodology and lighting fixture design and, for dental practitioners, recommendations about position and eye protection system to wear to improve visual comfort and minimize MSD, due to misplaced working position to avoid glare. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.