Hazard identification for consumer-grade Head-Mounted Displays (HMDs)

Head-Mounted Display (HMD), including optical see-through (e.g., AR glasses), video see-through or non-see-through types (e.g., VR), is one type of display devices which is worn on the head. Depends on the applications, it could be used by different age group, in different environmental conditions and may be used for a dozen of minutes to even a few hours. The HBSE (Hazard-based safety engineering) standard IEC 62368-1 is applicable to the safety of electrical and electronic equipment within the field of audio, video, information and communication technology, including HMDs. In this study, we discussed IEC 62368-1 requirements for HMDs. Then we identified possible hazards of HMDs with reference to IEC Guide 104 and risk assessment standards ISO 12100 and EN Guide 32. After that, we identified possible hazards and provided recommendations based on the existing research. We limited the scope on the consumer-grade HMDs only due to page restrictions. Possible hazards occur in other domains/applications may need more supporting reference and will be the future work.