Spondyloarthropathy in the community: Clinical syndromes and disease manifestations in Alaskan Eskimo populations

Objective. To define the clinical spectrum and disease manifestations of spondyloarthropathy (SpA) as seen in a community, rather than a referral setting. Methods. Eighty percent (83/104) of all individuals identified as having SpA in a community wide epidemiologic study of Alaskan Eskimos and 83 age and sex matched controls from the same regions participated in a 5 year clinical study. The study included baseline and followup interviews, physical, radiographic, and electrocardiographic examinations, record reviews, and functional assessment. The medical records of an additional 83 age and sex matched controls were reviewed and followed over the same 5 year period. Results. The spectrum of disease varied from very mild undifferentiated SpA (USpA) to incapacitating ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Most cases were mild. Overlapping clinical features were common in the different syndromes; 10% of the cases met more than 1 set of disease criteria. Axial signs and symptoms were more frequent in patients with AS, but occurred in over half of the patients with USpA and reactive arthritis (ReA) also. Peripheral joint involvement was noted in 85% of the AS cases, usually early in the course of disease. The patterns of joint involvement and enthesopathy were similar in SpA subjects with different syndromes and significantly different from those in control subjects, Patients with AS had a higher frequency of uveitis and of aortic root disease than patients with other syndromes. Conclusion. The results illustrate the extent of shared clinical features in the different SpA syndromes, and describe the frequency of different features associated with SpA in patients and matched controls in a community setting. ReA and USpA were more prevalent and less severe than AS in these populations.