Toward Greener Solution Processing of Perovskite Solar Cells

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are a highly competitive photovoltaic (PV) technology owing to their high efficiency, solution processability, and Earth-abundant constituents. The lack of a robust, green processing technology for high-throughput production of reproducible efficient modules on a large scale is one of the major obstacles in their application and commercialization. PSCs can be commercialized by developing greener processing techniques. Herein, we review developments in greener fabrication methods for PSCs, particularly environmentally friendly solvents for perovskite precursors, green antisolvents, and the novel molten salt approach. In addition, we discuss the effects of these approaches on film uniformity, defects and impurities, charge transport and recombination, and device performance and stability. Moreover, we propose strategies for the greener processing of PSCs and present some new queries, which indicate the future research direction for the greener production of PSC modules.