Apoptosis and cell cycle aberrations in epithelial odontogenic lesions: An evidence by the expression of p53, Bcl-2 and Bax

Background: Ameloblastoma (AMB), odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) and adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) are epithelial odontogenic lesions with diverse biologic profiles. Defects in regulation of apoptosis and cell cycle may be involved in the development and progression of those lesions, therefore we aimed to investigate the expression of Bcl-2, Bax and p53 to better understand the possible role of these proteins in AMBs, OKCs and AOTs. Material and Methods: The studied sample consisted of 20 AMBs, 20 OKCs and 20 AOTs. Immunohistochemistry technique was performed for the antibodies p53, Bcl-2 and Bax. Immunoreactivity was observed in the epithelial component and positive cells were counted in five fields (100x magnification). Statistical analysis was performed with Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman tests (p <0.05). Results: All lesions exhibited staining for the three studied proteins. There was no statistically significant associations between the expression of proteins and the lesions, however we identified a positive correlation between the expression of p53 and Bcl-2 (r = 0.200) and a negative correlation between p53 and Bax expressions (r = -0.100). In addition, p53 and Bax were similarly expressed between AMBs and OKCs. Bcl-2 was similarly expressed in AMBs and AOTs. Conclusions: Apoptosis regulatory proteins, as well as cell cycle proteins, are differently expressed in epithelial odontogenic lesions and their expression is possibly related to the biological behavior of AMB, OKC and AOT.