Late biliary endoclip migration after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: Case report and literature review

INTRODUCTION: Although formerly considered a rarity, biliary endoclip-related complications are being diagnosed with increasing frequencies. Among these, migration of endoclip into the common bile duct (CBD) is a rare encounter that usually presents in the first two years after surgery. PRESENTATION OF CASE: This case demonstrates a late biliary endoclip migration after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. DISCUSSION: An 82-year-old male patient, with a history of laparoscopic cholecystectomy 22 years ago, presented with two-day history of severe upper abdominal pain. Routine hemogram and serum chemistry were remarkable for slightly raised alanine aminotransferase and C-reactive protein. A computed tomographic (CT) scan demonstrated a new metallic density within the CBD when compared to a previous CT scan 14 months earlier. An endoscopic retrograde cholangiography confirmed a metal endoclip within the mid-CBD contained within a choledochal stone. Balloon extraction of the endoclip and stone was successfully performed. The patient was discharged 2 days later, and remained symptom free for 1 year. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, a latency of 22 years between cholecystectomy and clip migration has never been reported before. In cases of post-cholecystectomy abdominal pain the awareness of the surgeon should always be drawn to a clinical suspicion of endoclip migration into the CBD that can be easily remedied. Endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy with endoclip/stone removal is the therapeutic procedure of choice which usually circumvents the need for surgical extraction. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of IJS Publishing Group Ltd.