The Frontal Assessment Battery in the Differential Diagnosis of Dementia

Aim: The Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) has been used in different clinical settings as a valuable quick bedside test for executive dysfunction. The aim of the study was to evaluate clinical utility of the FAB for differential diagnosis of Alzheimer disease (AD), subcortical vascular cognitive impairment (scVCI), and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Methods: Scores of the total FAB test and subtests were compared between consecutive series of 37 patients with AD, 31 patients with scVCI, 13 patients with FTLD, and 29 cognitively healthy individuals. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the total FAB scores among the groups of patients with dementia. When comparing subtest scores, patients with FTLD had significantly lower scores on the lexical fluency subtest compared to the patients with AD (P < .001) or scVCI (P < .001); patients with scVCI had significantly lower scores on the motor series subtest compared to patients with FTLD (P = .02) and AD (P = .035) and on conflicting instructions subtest compared to patients with AD (P - .033). Conclusion: Some FAB subtests might enhance diagnostic accuracy taking into account clinical history and other tests of executive function.