Use of solid corrugated particles to enhance powder aerosol performance

Purpose. To study the dispersion performance of non-porous corrugated particles, with a focus on the effect of particle surface morphology on aerosolization of bovine serum albumin (BSA) powders. Methods. The solid-state characteristics of the spray-dried BSA powders, one consisting of smooth spherical particles and another corrugated particles, were characterized by laser diffraction, X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, confocal microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, surface area analyzer, and buoyancy method. The powders were dispersed using the Rotahaler (R) and the Dinkihaler (R) coupled to a four-stage liquid impinger operating at 30 to 120 L/min. Fine particle fraction (FPF) was expressed as the wt. % of BSA particles of size :less than or equal to5 mum collected from the liquid impinger. Results. Apart from the morphology and morphology-related properties (specific surface area, envelope density), the corrugated particles and spherical particles of BSA had very similar solid-state characteristics (particle size distribution, water content, true density, amorphous nature). Using the Dinkihaler (R), the FPFs of the corrugated particles were 10-20 wt. % higher than those of the smooth particles. Similar FPF differences were found for the powders dispersed by the Rotahaler (R), but the relative changes were larger. In addition, the differences were inversely proportional to the air flows (17.3% at 30 L/min, 25.2% at 60 L/min, 13.8% at 90, 8.5% at 120 L/min). Depending on the inhaler, capsule and device retention and impaction loss at the impinger throat were lower for the corrugated particles. Conclusions. Enhanced aerosol performance of powders can be obtained by surface modification of the particles. The surface asperities of the corrugated particles could lower the true area of contact between the particles, and thus reduce the powder cohesiveness. A distinct advantage of using corrugated particles is that the inhaler choice and air flow become less critical for these particles.