Which Nontraditional Outcomes Should Be Measured in Healthcare Decision-Making in Schizophrenia? A Systematic Review

PURPOSE: This article aims to define the utility of nontraditional outcomes (NTOs) in healthcare decision-making in schizophrenia. DESIGN AND METHODS: A systematic review of studies published between January 1, 1996, and December 31, 2008, was performed. A 10-point evidence-based utility index (UI) was used to assess the utility of NTOs: high (UI: 7.510), medium (UI: =5 to <7.5), and low (UI: <5) utility. FINDINGS: Of 736 citations identified, 94 met inclusion criteria. One hundred ninety-four NTOs were identified (patient reported outcomes [38.7%] and economic outcomes [61.3%]). Of these, 68 (35.1%) were appropriate for decision making. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Numerous NTOs with low utility in schizophrenia are being used for healthcare policy and clinical care by policy makers, managers, and healthcare professionals. Medium and low utility NTOs should be used with caution.