A Comprehensive Review of Patient-reported Outcomes in Patients With Chronic Liver Diseases

Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a global health problem with chronic viral hepatitis, alcohol-related liver disease, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease being important causes of mortality. Besides its clinical burden, patients with CLD also suffer from impairment of their health-related quality of life and other patient-reported outcomes (PRO). In this context, a combination of both clinical and PROs will allow assessment of the comprehensive burden of liver disease on patients. PROs cannot be observed directly and must be assessed by validated questionnaires or tools. Various tools have been developed to accurately measure PROs in patients with CLD, including generic and disease-specific questionnaires such as Short Form-36, Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire and its subtypes. It is important to note that PRO instruments can be used to appreciate the impact of the natural history of CLD or of treatment on patients' experiences. This review summarizes PRO assessment in different types of liver disease and different tools useful to investigators and clinicians who are interested in this aspect of patients' experience.