A survey on low-power wide area networks for IoT applications

被引:57
作者
Bembe, Mncedisi [1 ]
Abu-Mahfouz, Adnan [2 ]
Masonta, Moshe [2 ]
Ngqondi, Tembisa [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Mpumalanga, SCMS, ZA-1200 Mbombela, South Africa
[2] Meraka Inst, CSIR, ZA-1000 Pretoria, South Africa
关键词
Internet of things; Cellular networks; Sensors; Wireless sensor networks; Standards; Analytical models; HEALTH-CARE; INTERNET; THINGS; ARCHITECTURE; MANAGEMENT; DESIGN; GAME; 5G; VIRTUALIZATION; OPPORTUNITIES;
D O I
10.1007/s11235-019-00557-9
中图分类号
TN [电子技术、通信技术];
学科分类号
0809 ;
摘要
We are on the entry of the exponential advancement of the internet-of-things (IoT) due to the quick development of internet-connected smart-objects. As the number of connected smart-objects increase, IoT will continue to advance by providing connectivity and interactions between the physical and the cyber world. This connectivity is characterized by low throughput, delay sensitivity, small and wide coverage, low power consumption, low device, etc. Which explains the emergence of low power wide area network (LPWAN). LPWAN technologies are an alternative promising connectivity solutions for Internet of Things. However, the lack of an overall LPWAN knowledge that present a comprehensive analysis of LPWAN technologies is presently constraining the achievement of the modern IoT vision. In this paper, we begin with a detailed analysis of the conventional high power long-range network technologies that considers IoT applications and requirements. We further point out the need for dedicated low power wide area technologies in IoT systems. In addition, we analyse the technical specification based on the PHY and MAC layers of the technologies that are already deployed, or likely to be deployed. The focus is to incorporate both standard and proprietary technologies in our study. Furthermore, we present the modelling techniques and performance metrics that are adopted in LPWAN networks analysis. Finally, challenges and open problems are presented. The main contribution of this study is that it provides an enhanced summary of the current state-of-the-art of LPWAN suitable to meet the requirements of IoT, while uniquely providing LPWAN's modelling techniques, performance metrics and their associated enablers.
引用
收藏
页码:249 / 274
页数:26
相关论文
共 50 条
  • [41] An Online Quantitative Measure of Density for Low-Power IoT Networks
    Santos, Marlon
    Melo, Yuri
    Barbosa, Lucas
    Riker, Andre
    Curado, Marilia
    2020 IEEE SENSORS, 2020,
  • [42] Future of IoT Networks: A Survey
    Lee, Suk Kyu
    Bae, Mungyu
    Kim, Hwangnam
    APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL, 2017, 7 (10):
  • [43] On Performance of Low-Power Wide-Area Networks With the Combining of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces and Relay
    Tran, Phuong T.
    Nguyen, Ba Cao
    Hoang, Tran Manh
    Nguyen, Tan N.
    IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MOBILE COMPUTING, 2023, 22 (10) : 6086 - 6096
  • [44] AviEar: An IoT-Based Low-Power Solution for Acoustic Monitoring of Avian Species
    Verma, Ridhima
    Kumar, Suman
    IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL, 2024, 24 (24) : 42088 - 42102
  • [45] Applications of Integrated IoT-Fog-Cloud Systems to Smart Cities: A Survey
    Mohamed, Nader
    Al-Jaroodi, Jameela
    Lazarova-Molnar, Sanja
    Jawhar, Imad
    ELECTRONICS, 2021, 10 (23)
  • [46] A Survey of Limitations and Enhancements of the IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks: A Focus on Core Operations
    Ghaleb, Baraq
    Al-Dubai, Ahmed Y.
    Ekonomou, Elias
    Alsarhan, Ayoub
    Nasser, Youssef
    Mackenzie, Lewis M.
    Boukerche, Azzedine
    IEEE COMMUNICATIONS SURVEYS AND TUTORIALS, 2019, 21 (02): : 1607 - 1635
  • [47] Low-power and lossy networks under mobility: A survey
    Oliveira, Afonso
    Vazao, Teresa
    COMPUTER NETWORKS, 2016, 107 : 339 - 352
  • [48] Machine learning applications for fog computing in IoT: a survey
    Mousavi, Mitra
    Rezazadeh, Javad
    Sianaki, Omid Ameri
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WEB AND GRID SERVICES, 2021, 17 (04) : 293 - 320
  • [49] Debugging Low-Power and Lossy Wireless Networks: A Survey
    Schoofs, A.
    O'Hare, G. M. P.
    Ruzzelli, A. G.
    IEEE COMMUNICATIONS SURVEYS AND TUTORIALS, 2012, 14 (02): : 311 - 321
  • [50] Design of a Wireless Sensor Network-Based IoT Platform for Wide Area and Heterogeneous Applications
    Kuo, Yaw-Wen
    Li, Cho-Long
    Jhang, Jheng-Han
    Lin, Sam
    IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL, 2018, 18 (12) : 5187 - 5197