Relative immaturity in Childhood and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms From Childhood to Early Adulthood: Exploring Genetic and Environmental Overlap Across Development

被引：6

作者：

Brikell, Isabell ^{[1
]}

Kuja-Halkola, Ralf ^{[1
]}

Larsson, Jan-Olov ^{[1
,3
]}

Lahey, Benjamin B. ^{[4
]}

Kuntsi, Jonna ^{[5
]}

Lichtenstein, Paul ^{[1
]}

Rydelius, Per-Anders ^{[1
,2
]}

Larsson, Henrik ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Karolinska Inst, Stockholm, Sweden

[2] Karlstad Univ, Ctr Res Child & Adolescent Mental Hlth, Karlstad, Sweden

[3] Univ Orebro, Sch Med Sci, Orebro, Sweden

[4] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA

[5] Kings Coll London, MRC Social Genet & Dev Psychiat Ctr, Inst Psychiat Psychol & Neurosci, London, England

来源：

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY | 2016年 / 55卷 / 10期

基金：

瑞典研究理事会;

关键词：

ADHD; immaturity; development; longitudinal twin analysis; DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; CORTICAL DEVELOPMENT; BEHAVIOR CHECKLIST; GLOBAL MATURITY; ADHD; TWIN; AGE; SCALES; HYPOTHESIS; DIAGNOSIS;

D O I：

10.1016/j.jaac.2016.06.014

中图分类号：

B844 [发展心理学（人类心理学）];

学科分类号：

040202 ;

摘要：

Objective: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been linked to immaturity relative to peers in childhood, yet it is undear how such immaturity is associated with ADHD across development. This longitudinal twin study examined the genetic and environmental contributions to the association between parents' perception of their child's immaturity relative to peers (RI) in childhood and ADHD symptoms across development. Method: 1,302 twin pairs from the Swedish Twin Study of Child and Adolescent Development were followed prospectively from childhood to early adulthood. Parent ratings of RI were collected at 8 to 9 years and parent and self-ratings of ADHD symptoms were collected at 8 to 9, 13 to 14, 16 to 17, and 19 to 20 years using the Child Behavior Checklist Attention Problems scale. In addition, ADHD symptoms corresponding to DSM criteria were used for sensitivity analysis. Analyses were conducted using longitudinal structural equation modeling with multiple raters. Results: RI-related etiologic factors, predominantly influenced by genes, explained 10-14% of the variance in ADHD symptoms from 8 to 9 up to 16 to 17 years. The influence of these RI-related factors on ADHD symptoms attenuated to 4% by 19 to 20 years of age. The remaining variance in ADHD symptoms was primarily explained by genetic factors independent of RI, which remained relatively stable across development, explaining 19% to 30% of the variance in ADHD symptoms from 13 to 14 up to 19 to 20 years. Conclusion: The results show that RI is significantly associated with ADHD symptoms, particularly during childhood and adolescence, and that the association is primarily explained by a shared genetic liability. Nevertheless, the magnitude of associations across development was modest, highlighting that RI is merely one aspect contributing to the complex etiology of ADHD symptoms.

引用

页码：886 / 895

页数：10

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