Murine Monoclonal Antibody to Platelet Factor 4/Heparin Complexes as a Potential Reference Standard for Platelet Activation Assays in Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia

Quality control of the platelet activation assays to diagnose heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), C-14-serotonin release assay (SRA) and platelet aggregation test (PAT) has yet to be established due to lack of reference standards and the difficulty of obtaining significant amounts of HIT antibodies from patients with HIT. We prepared a murine monoclonal antibody to human platelet factor 4 (hPF4)/heparin complexes (HIT-MoAb) and investigated the platelet activating action of HIT-MoAb by using SRA and PAT. The HIT-MoAb activated human platelets at low heparin concentration and the platelet activations were inhibited at high heparin concentration in both SRA and PAT. The HIT-MoAb produced a concentration-dependent effect. Moreover, the platelet activation at low heparin concentration was inhibited by anti-Fc gamma RIIa antibody. These results indicated that HIT-MoAb has characteristics similar to human HIT antibodies regarding heparin-dependent platelet activation. Therefore, it is suggested that HIT-MoAb has the potential to be a positive control or reference standard in platelet activation assays.