Investigation of various surface passivation schemes for silicon solar cells

.In this work, we have investigated three different surface passivation technologies: classical thermal oxidation (CTO), rapid thermal oxidation (RTO) and silicon nitride by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). Eight different passivation properties including SiO2/SiNx stacks on phosphorus diffused (100 and 40 ohm/Sq) and non-diffused 1 ohm cm FZ silicon were compared. Both types Of SiO2 layers, CTO and RTO, yield a higher effective lifetime on the emitter surface than on the non-diffused surface. For the SiNx layers the situation is reverted. On the other hand, with SiO2/SiNx stacks high lifetimes are obtained not only non-diffused surface but also on the diffused surface. Thus, we have chosen the RTO/SiNx stack layers as front and rear surface passivation in solar cells, which passivate relatively good on the surface and has very low-weighted reflection. On planar cells passivated with RTO/SiNx a very high V-oc of 675.6 mV and a J(sc) of 35.1 mA/cm(2) was achieved. Compared to a planar cell using CTO the efficiency of RTO/SiNx cell is 0.8% higher (4.5% relative). It can be concluded that the RTO/SiNx layers are the optimal passivation for the front and rear surface. On the other hand, for textured cells, the J(sc) and FF of RTO/SiNx cells are lower than those of CTO cells. The main reasons of these J(sc) and FF losses were also discussed systematically. (C) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V.