Two efficient two-factor authenticated key exchange protocols in public wireless LANs

Recently, Parks et al. proposed an authentication and key agreement protocol for low-power PDAs in public wireless LANS using two factors including a password and a token, e.g. a smart card. They claimed that their proposed scheme provided mutual authentication, identity privacy, half-forward secrecy and low computation cost for a client including just one symmetric key encryption and five hash operations. In this paper, we point out that Park et al.'s protocol is vulnerable to the dictionary attack upon identity privacy. We propose two schemes with mutual authentication, half-forward secrecy, lower computation cost and less exchanged messages than Park et al.'s protocol. In additional to these properties. identity privacy, which is not satisfied by Park et al.'s protocol, is also provided by our second scheme. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.