Effects of thermal hazard on 18650 lithium-ion battery under different states of charge

The lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery is an important power storage system with efficient energy densities and long life cycle characteristics. However, potential safety issues still need to be further discussed. This study used an adiabatic calorimeter and vent sizing package 2 to appraise the thermal runaway behaviour of 18650 lithium-ion battery on various charging levels. The batteries were tested for states of charge at 30, 50, 80, and 100 %. By calorimetric experimental trials, we could determine the thermal hazard features, such as apparent exothermic initial temperature (T (0)), maximum temperature (T (max)), pressure, temperature, maximum pressure (P (max)), self-heating rate (dT dt (-1)), pressure rise rate (dP dt (-1)), and runaway patterns. During the thermal runaway, T (max) and P (max) under full chargeable Li-ion battery were 774.9 K and 1519.6 kPa, respectively. These experimental results could assist in estimating uncontrolled behaviours and thermokinetic parameters for various charged states of the 18650 Li-ion battery. They could be used in proactive design, and ultimately, they could provide the process safety parameters to forestall commercial batteries from thermal damage.