Genetic and Environmental Contributions to Variation in the Posterior Communicating Collaterals of the Circle of Willis

被引:21
作者
Faber, James E. [1 ]
Zhang, Hua [1 ]
Rzechorzek, Wojciech [1 ]
Dai, Kathy Z. [1 ]
Summers, Benjamin T. [1 ]
Blazek, Cooper [1 ]
Hedges, Samuel J. [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ N Carolina, McAllister Heart Inst, Dept Cell Biol & Physiol, 6309 MBRB, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
基金
美国国家卫生研究院;
关键词
Collateral circulation; Posterior communicating artery; Circle of Willis; Genetics; Hypertension; Aging; CAROTID-ARTERY OCCLUSION; MIDDLE CEREBRAL-ARTERY; ISCHEMIC-STROKE; BLOOD-PRESSURE; BIRTH-WEIGHT; RISK-FACTOR; CIRCULATION; STRAIN; ANATOMY; BRAIN;
D O I
10.1007/s12975-018-0626-y
中图分类号
R74 [神经病学与精神病学];
学科分类号
摘要
Variation in blood flow mediated by the posterior communicating collateral arteries (PComs) contributes to variation in the severity of tissue injury in obstructive disease. Evidence in animals and humans indicates that differences in the extent of PComs, i.e., their anatomic lumen diameter and whether they are present bilaterally, unilaterally, or absent, are a major factor. These differences arise during development since they are present at birth. However, the causal mechanisms are unknown. We used angiography after maximal dilation to examine involvement of genetic, environmental, and stochastic factors. The extent of PComs varied widely among seven genetically diverse strains of mice. Like pial collaterals in the microcirculation, aging and hypertension reduced PCom diameter, while in contrast, obesity, hyperlipidemia, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus had no effect. Naturally occurring intrauterine growth restriction had no effect on extent of PCom or pial collaterals in the adult. The number and diameter of PComs evidenced much larger apparent stochastic-dependent variation than pial collaterals. In addition, both PComs underwent flow-mediated outward remodeling after unilateral permanent MCA occlusion that varied with genetic background and was greater on the ipsilesional side. These findings indicate that variation in the number and diameter of PCom collateral arteries arises from stochastic factors and naturally occurring genetic variants that differ from those that cause variation in pial collateral arterioles. Environmental factors also contribute: aging and hypertension reduce PCom diameter. Our resultssuggest possible sources of variation of PComs in humans and provide information relevant when studying mouse models of occlusive cerebrovascular disease.
引用
收藏
页码:189 / 203
页数:15
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