The metamorphosis of supernova SN 2008D/XRF 080109: A link between supernovae and GRBs/hypernovae

被引：193

作者：

Mazzali, Paolo A. ^{[1
,2
,3
,4
]}

Valenti, Stefano ^{[5
,6
]}

Della Valle, Massimo ^{[7
,8
,9
]}

Chincarini, Guido ^{[10
,11
]}

Sauer, Daniel N. ^{[1
]}

Benetti, Stefano ^{[2
]}

Pian, Elena ^{[12
]}

Piran, Tsvi ^{[13
]}

D'Elia, Valerio ^{[14
]}

Elias-Rosa, Nancy ^{[1
]}

Margutti, Raffaella ^{[10
]}

Pasotti, Francesco ^{[10
]}

Antonelli, L. Angelo ^{[14
]}

Bufano, Filomena ^{[2
]}

Campana, Sergio ^{[11
]}

Cappellaro, Enrico ^{[2
]}

Covino, Stefano ^{[11
]}

D'Avanzo, Paolo ^{[11
]}

Fiore, Fabrizio ^{[14
]}

Fugazza, Dino ^{[11
]}

Gilmozzi, Roberto ^{[8
]}

Hunter, Deborah ^{[5
]}

Maguire, Kate ^{[5
]}

Maiorano, Elisabetta ^{[15
]}

Marziani, Paola ^{[2
]}

Masetti, Nicola ^{[15
]}

Mirabel, Felix ^{[16
]}

Navasardyan, Hripsime ^{[2
]}

Nomoto, Ken'ichi ^{[3
,4
,17
]}

Palazzi, Eliana ^{[15
]}

Pastorello, Andrea ^{[5
]}

Panagia, Nino ^{[18
,19
]}

Pellizza, L. J. ^{[20
]}

Sari, Re'em ^{[13
]}

Smartt, Stephen ^{[5
]}

Tagliaferri, Gianpiero ^{[11
]}

Tanaka, Masaomi ^{[3
]}

Taubenberger, Stefan ^{[1
]}

Tominaga, Nozomu ^{[3
]}

Trundle, Carrie ^{[5
]}

Turatto, Massimo ^{[19
]}

机构：

[1] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85748 Garching, Germany

[2] OAPd, Ist Nazl Astrofis, I-35122 Padua, Italy

[3] Univ Tokyo, Dept Astron, Sch Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan

[4] Univ Tokyo, Res Ctr Early Universe, Sch Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan

[5] Queens Univ Belfast, Astrophys Res Ctr, Sch Math & Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland

[6] Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy

[7] Osserv Astron Capodimonte, Ist Nazl Astrofis, I-80131 Naples, Italy

[8] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany

[9] Int Ctr Relativist Astrophys Network, I-65122 Pescara, Italy

[10] Univ Milano Bicocca, Dept Phys, I-20126 Milan, Italy

[11] Brera Astron Observ, Ist Nazl Astrofis, I-23807 Merate, LC, Italy

[12] Osserv Astron Trieste, Ist Nazl Astrofis, I-34131 Trieste, Italy

[13] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel

[14] Osserv Astron Roma, Ist Nazl Astrofis, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy

[15] Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosmica, Ist Nazl Astrofis, I-40129 Bologna, Italy

[16] European So Observ, Santiago 3107, Chile

[17] Univ Tokyo, Inst Phys & Math Universe, Chiba 2778582, Japan

[18] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA

[19] Osserv Astrofis Catania, Ist Nazl Astrofis, I-95123 Catania, Italy

[20] Inst Astron & Fis Espacio, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina

来源：

SCIENCE | 2008年 / 321卷 / 5893期

基金：

英国科学技术设施理事会;

关键词：

D O I：

10.1126/science.1158088

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

The only supernovae (SNe) to show gamma-ray bursts ( GRBs) or early x-ray emission thus far are overenergetic, broad- lined type Ic SNe ( hypernovae, HNe). Recently, SN 2008D has shown several unusual features: (i) weak x-ray flash (XRF), (ii) an early, narrow optical peak, (iii) disappearance of the broad lines typical of SN Ic HNe, and (iv) development of helium lines as in SNe Ib. Detailed analysis shows that SN 2008D was not a normal supernova: Its explosion energy (E approximate to 6 x 10(51) erg) and ejected mass [similar to 7 times the mass of the Sun ( M.)] are intermediate between normal SNe Ibc and HNe. We conclude that SN 2008D was originally a similar to 30 M. star. When it collapsed, a black hole formed and a weak, mildly relativistic jet was produced, which caused the XRF. SN 2008D is probably among the weakest explosions that produce relativistic jets. Inner engine activity appears to be present whenever massive stars collapse to black holes.

引用

页码：1185 / 1188

页数：4

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