Ecosystem Impacts of Geoengineering: A Review for Developing a Science Plan

被引：61

作者：

Russell, Lynn M. ^{[1
]}

Rasch, Philip J. ^{[2
]}

Mace, Georgina M. ^{[3
]}

Jackson, Robert B. ^{[4
]}

Shepherd, John ^{[5
]}

Liss, Peter

Leinen, Margaret ^{[7
]}

Schimel, David ^{[8
]}

Vaughan, Naomi E. ^{[6
]}

Janetos, Anthony C. ^{[9
]}

Boyd, Philip W. ^{[10
]}

Norby, Richard J. ^{[11
]}

Caldeira, Ken ^{[12
]}

Merikanto, Joonas ^{[13
]}

Artaxo, Paulo ^{[14
]}

Melillo, Jerry ^{[15
]}

Morgan, M. Granger ^{[16
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA

[2] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA

[3] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ctr Populat Biol, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England

[4] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA

[5] Univ Southampton, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci, Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England

[6] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Tyndall Ctr Climate Change Res, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England

[7] Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA

[8] NEON Inc, Boulder, CO 80305 USA

[9] Univ Maryland, Joint Global Change Res Inst, Pacific NW Natl Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA

[10] Univ Otago, Dept Chem, NIWA Ctr Chem & Phys Oceanog, Dunedin, New Zealand

[11] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA

[12] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA

[13] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Div Atmospher Sci, Helsinki 00014, Finland

[14] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Phys, BR-05508090 Sao Paulo, Brazil

[15] Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA

[16] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Engn & Publ Policy, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA

来源：

AMBIO | 2012年 / 41卷 / 04期

基金：

英国自然环境研究理事会; 美国国家科学基金会; 英国工程与自然科学研究理事会;

关键词：

Geoengineering; Ecosystems; Climate change; Carbon dioxide removal; Solar radiation management; OCEAN IRON FERTILIZATION; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MOUNT-PINATUBO; ALBEDO ENHANCEMENT; CARBON-DIOXIDE; TERRESTRIAL; FEEDBACKS; NITROGEN; ACIDIFICATION;

D O I：

10.1007/s13280-012-0258-5

中图分类号：

X [环境科学、安全科学];

学科分类号：

08 ; 0830 ;

摘要：

Geoengineering methods are intended to reduce climate change, which is already having demonstrable effects on ecosystem structure and functioning in some regions. Two types of geoengineering activities that have been proposed are: carbon dioxide (CO2) removal (CDR), which removes CO2 from the atmosphere, and solar radiation management (SRM, or sunlight reflection methods), which reflects a small percentage of sunlight back into space to offset warming from greenhouse gases (GHGs). Current research suggests that SRM or CDR might diminish the impacts of climate change on ecosystems by reducing changes in temperature and precipitation. However, sudden cessation of SRM would exacerbate the climate effects on ecosystems, and some CDR might interfere with oceanic and terrestrial ecosystem processes. The many risks and uncertainties associated with these new kinds of purposeful perturbations to the Earth system are not well understood and require cautious and comprehensive research.

引用

页码：350 / 369

页数：20

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