Hydrodynamic simulations of captured protoatmospheres around Earth-like planets

被引:52
作者
Stoekl, Alexander [1 ]
Dorfi, Ernst [1 ]
Lammer, Helmut [2 ]
机构
[1] Univ Vienna, Inst Astron, A-1180 Vienna, Austria
[2] Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, A-8042 Graz, Austria
来源
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS | 2015年 / 576卷
基金
奥地利科学基金会;
关键词
hydrodynamics; planets and satellites: terrestrial planets; planets and satellites: atmospheres; planet-disk interactions; MEAN OPACITIES; MASSIVE STARS; SUPER-EARTHS; ATMOSPHERES; ESCAPE; NEBULA; DISKS; PHOTOEVAPORATION; DESTRUCTION; INSTABILITY;
D O I
10.1051/0004-6361/201423638
中图分类号
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号
0704 ;
摘要
Context. Young terrestrial planets, when they are still embedded in a circumstellar disk, accumulate an atmosphere of nebula gas. The evolution and eventual evaporation of the protoplanetary disk affect the structure and dynamics of the planetary atmosphere. These processes, combined with other mass loss mechanisms, such as thermal escape driven by extreme ultraviolet and soft X-ray radiation from the young host star, determine how much of the primary atmosphere, if anything at all, survives into later stages of planetary evolution. Aims. Our aim is to explore the structure and the dynamic outflow processes of nebula-accreted atmospheres in dependency on changes in the planetary environment. Methods. We integrate stationary hydrostatic models and perform time-dependent dynamical simulations to investigate the effect of a changing nebula environment on the atmospheric structure and the timescales on which the protoatmosphere reacts to these changes. Results. We find that the behavior of the atmospheres strongly depends on the mass of the planetary core. For planets of about Mars-mass the atmospheric structure, and in particular the atmospheric mass, changes drastically and on very short timescales whereas atmospheres around higher mass planets are much more robust and inert.
引用
收藏
页数:11
相关论文
共 42 条
  • [1] [Anonymous], SPRINGER BRIEFS ASTR
  • [2] Choudhuri A. R., 1998, The Physics of Fluids and Plasmas: An Introduction for Astrophysicists
  • [3] The dispersal of circumstellar discs: the role of the ultraviolet switch
    Clarke, CJ
    Gendrin, A
    Sotomayor, M
    [J]. MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 2001, 328 (02) : 485 - 491
  • [4] Towards a more consistent discretization scheme for adaptive implicit RHD computations
    Dorfi, EA
    Pikall, H
    Stökl, A
    Gautschy, A
    [J]. COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS, 2006, 174 (10) : 771 - 782
  • [5] SIMPLE ADAPTIVE GRIDS FOR 1-D INITIAL-VALUE PROBLEMS
    DORFI, EA
    DRURY, LO
    [J]. JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS, 1987, 69 (01) : 175 - 195
  • [6] Eddington A. S, 1926, The Internal Constitution of the Stars
  • [7] Escape of the martian protoatmosphere and initial water inventory
    Erkaev, N. V.
    Lammer, H.
    Elkins-Tanton, L. T.
    Stoekl, A.
    Odert, P.
    Marcq, E.
    Dorfi, E. A.
    Kislyakova, K. G.
    Kulikov, Yu. N.
    Leitzinger, M.
    Guedel, M.
    [J]. PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE, 2014, 98 : 106 - 119
  • [8] XUV-Exposed, Non-Hydrostatic Hydrogen-Rich Upper Atmospheres of Terrestrial Planets. Part I: Atmospheric Expansion and Thermal Escape
    Erkaev, Nikolai V.
    Lammer, Helmut
    Odert, Petra
    Kulikov, Yuri N.
    Kislyakova, Kristina G.
    Khodachenko, Maxim L.
    Guedel, Manuel
    Hanslmeier, Arnold
    Biernat, Helfried
    [J]. ASTROBIOLOGY, 2013, 13 (11) : 1011 - 1029
  • [9] Line and mean opacities for ultracool dwarfs and extrasolar planets
    Freedman, Richard S.
    Marley, Mark S.
    Lodders, Katharina
    [J]. ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES, 2008, 174 (02) : 504 - 513
  • [10] Haisch KE, 2001, ASTROPHYS J, V553, pL153, DOI 10.1086/320685