Diversity in Accessions of Panicum miliaceum L. Based on Agro-Morphological, Antioxidative, and Genetic Traits

The genetic diversity and antioxidant potential of Panicum miliaceum L. accessions collected from different geo-ecological regions of South Korea were evaluated and compared. Antioxidant potential of seeds was estimated by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging assays and total phenolic content was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Total phenolic content (TPC) in 80% methanolic extracts ranged from 16.24 +/- 0.86 to 58.04 +/- 1.00 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g of the sample extracts and total flavonoid content (TFC) varied from 7.19 +/- 1.05 to 52.56 +/- 1.50 mg quercetin equivalents (QE) mg/g of the sample extracts. DPPH radical scavenging capacity of the extracts from the 15 accessions of P. miliaceum varied from 206.44 +/- 7.72 to 2490.24 +/- 4.641 mg GAE/g of the sample extracts and ABTS radical scavenging capacity ranged from 624.85 +/- 13.1 to 1087. 77 +/- 9.58 mg GAE/g of the sample extracts. A wide range of genetic variation was observed as measured by Shannon's information index (I), number of effective alleles (Ne), number of observed alleles (Na), expected heterozygosity (He), unbiased expected heterozygosity (uHe). The observed variation in the bioactive properties, morphological traits, and genetic diversity among the accessions may provide useful information for breeding programs seeking to improve bioactive properties of P. miliaceum.