Blood selenium levels and contribution of food groups to selenium intake in adolescent girls in Iceland

Background/objectives: Significant changes have been reported in dietary habits and food availability in Iceland that would be expected to compromise selenium intake and status, especially among young people. These include substantial decreases in the consumption of fish and milk, as well as the selenium content of imported wheat. The aim of this study was to assess selenium in the diet and whole blood of adolescent girls, as well as define the most important foods contributing to intake and blood concentrations of selenium. Design: The subjects were 96 randomly selected girls, aged 16-20, who answered a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for dietary assessment. Selenium intake from each food group was calculated in mu g/day. Blood samples were collected for measurement of whole blood selenium. Results: Mean dietary selenium was 51+/-25 mu g/day. Milk/dairy products, including cheese, contributed 36+/-14% of total dietary selenium; fish 18+/-12%; and bread/cereal products 13+/-6%. Mean whole blood selenium was 117+/-12 mu g/l (range 90-208); nearly 90% of subjects were above the optimal level of 100 mu g/l. Fish and bread/cereal products were the only foods significantly correlated with selenium in blood (r = 0.32; P = 0.002 and r = 0.22; P = 0.04, respectively) while no correlation was found with milk and dairy products in spite of their greater contribution to total selenium intake. Conclusion: In this population of Icelandic adolescent girls, selenium intake and status seem acceptable. Judging from associations between intake and blood levels, fish and cereals may be the most important contributors to blood selenium.