Synthesis and Preliminary Evaluation in Tumor Bearing Mice of New 18F-Labeled Arylsulfone Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors as Tracers for Positron Emission Tomography

New fluorinated, arylsulfone-based matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors containing carboxylate as the zinc binding group were synthesized as radiotracers for positron emission tomography. Inhibitors were characterized by K-i for MMP-2 in the nanomolar range and by a fair selectivity for MMP-2/9/12/13 over MMP-1/3/14. Two of these compounds were obtained in the F-18-radiolabeled form, with radiochemical purity and yield suitable for preliminary studies in mice xenografted with a human U-87 MG glioblastoma. Target density in xenografts was assessed by Western blot, yielding B-max/K-d = 14. The biodistribution of the tracer was dominated by liver uptake and hepatobiliary clearance. Tumor uptake of F-18-labeled MMP inhibitors was about 30% that of [F-18]fluorodeoxyglucose. Accumulation of radioactivity within the tumor periphery colocalized with MMP-2 activity (evaluated by in situ zimography). However, specific tumor uptake accounted for only 18% of total uptake. The aspecific uptake was ascribed to the high binding affinity between the radiotracer and serum albumin.