Rapid and fast strategy for the determination of glutathione in the presence of vitamin B6 in biological and pharmaceutical samples using a nanostructure based electrochemical sensor

Cyclic voltammetry (CV), square wave voltammetry (SWV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and double potential step chronoamperometry were used to investigate the electrochemical oxidation of glutathione (GSH) at a chemically modified electrode prepared by incorporating acetylferrocene (AF) and NiO nanoparticles (NiO/NPs) into a carbon paste matrix. For the mixture containing GSH and vitamin B-6, the peak potentials were well separated from each other. Under optimal conditions in cyclic voltammetry, linear ranges spanned a GSH concentration from 0.2 mu M to 350.0 mu M and the detection limit was 0.09 mu M at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. The novel sensor was successfully used for the voltammetric determination of the GSH in real samples with satisfactory results.