Predictors with regard to ingestion, inhalation and dermal absorption of estimated phthalate daily intakes in pregnant women: The Barwon infant

被引:29
作者
Sugeng, Eva J. [1 ]
Symeonides, Christos [2 ]
O'Hely, Martin [2 ,3 ]
Vuillermin, Peter [2 ,3 ,4 ]
Sly, Peter D. [5 ]
Vijayasarathy, Soumini [6 ]
Thompson, Kristie [6 ]
Pezic, Angela [2 ]
Mueller, Jochen F. [6 ]
Ponsonby, Anne-Louise [2 ,7 ]
机构
[1] Vrije Univ, Dept Environm & Hlth, Amsterdam, Netherlands
[2] Univ Melbourne, Royal Childrens Hosp, Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
[3] Deakin Univ, Geelong, Vic, Australia
[4] Barwon Hlth, Geelong, Vic, Australia
[5] Univ Queensland, Child Hlth Res Ctr, South Brisbane, Qld, Australia
[6] Univ Queensland, Queensland Alliance Environm Hlth Sci QAEHS, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
[7] Florey Inst Neurosci & Mental Hlth, 30 Royal Parade, Melbourne, Vic 3052, Australia
基金
英国医学研究理事会; 澳大利亚国家健康与医学研究理事会;
关键词
Phthalate exposure; Daily intake; Pregnant women; Exposure predictors; Maternal diet; Volatile product use; PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; BISPHENOL-A; EXPOSURE; METABOLITES; PARABENS; MOTHERS; DETERMINANTS; PHENOLS; IMPACT; URINE;
D O I
10.1016/j.envint.2020.105700
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Human exposure to phthalate chemicals, used in consumer product plastics, occurs throughout the day. Phthalate levels in pregnant women are associated with offspring health effects including obesity and neuro-developmental problems. Knowledge of predictors of exposure is necessary in order to effectively reduce phthalate exposure. The present study aims to identify predictors of phthalate levels in Australian pregnant women from the Barwon Infant study birth cohort. Maternal urine samples from 841 women were analyzed for phthalate metabolites. Maternal diet and food preparation practices, use of volatile household products, household characteristics and personal care product use were assessed with questionnaires. All maternal urine contained phthalate metabolites. Maternal prenatal high-fat milk consumption was associated with higher benzyl butyl phthalate (BBzP) (p < 0.001), and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) (p = 0.0023). Higher phthalate levels were associated with consumption of tinned food (fish and tomatoes). Diethyl phthalate (DEP) levels were significantly higher when women reported using air freshener (35% increase, p = 0.01), aerosols (40% increase, p = 0.005), hair treatment chemicals (28% increase, p = 0.031), and chlorine (34% increase, p = 0.009) compared to no use. Maternal phthalate levels did not vary by reported plastic avoidance during pregnancy. The study showed that phthalate exposure is ubiquitous and increased by multiple factors. Future intervention studies to reduce phthalate levels among pregnant women will need to take into account the variety of sources identified in this study.
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页数:12
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