Prison gang integration and inmate violence

Purpose: Gang membership has been linked in a number of prior studies with inmate misconduct: known gang members are more prone than non-gang members to act violently behind bars. Theories of intergroup conflict suggest, however, there is reason to expect that broader within-prison gang dynamics, not just gang membership alone, are associated with the incidence of violence. Methods: We collected data on inmates from a large southern state and estimated multilevel models of inmate-on-inmate violence. Included in our models were a variety of common individual-level correlates of violent misconduct, among them gang membership. Substantive prison-level correlates included the percentage of gang members and "gang integration," the latter being a measure of gang heterogeneity. Results: We found a modest association between both gang variables and inmate-on-inmate violence, with gang integration being the most significant of the two. Conclusions: Gang membership is an important correlate of inmate violence, but attention to broader prison gang dynamics is clearly necessary. We discuss the implications of this finding for theories of inmate violence. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.