Time-Frequency analysis of long-term marine data from Cambridge Bay in the Canadian Arctic High resolution ADCP, CTD and Fluorometer time series analysis

In the marine environment, the recorded time series are often nonlinear and nonstationary and interact with each other. Their analysis faces new challenges and thus requires the implementation of adequate and specific methods. We use the Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT) for the spectral analysis of high frequency sampled time series in near shore waters of Cambridge Bay, located in the Canadian Arctic. We focus particularly on automatic measurements of temperature records, salinity, turbidity and chlorophyll data sets from deployments on an Ocean Networks Canada cabled platform. We look at the contribution of different Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs) obtained by the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD). The inertial wave and several low-frequency tidal waves are identified by the application of EMD. Furthermore, the correlation between two nonstationary time series is investigated. By Time Dependent Intrinsic Correlation (TDIC) analysis, it was concluded that the high-frequency modes have small correlation; whereas the trends are perfectly correlated. The methodologies presented in this paper are general. They can be applied for identification of main properties of other time series from the environmental and oceanic sciences, where the records are complex with fluctuations over a large range of different spatial and temporal scales.