Compensation excavation method control for large deformation disaster of mountain soft rock tunnel

In recent years, the mine tunneling method and the new Austrian tunneling method have been consid-ered the main theories of tunneling approaches in China. It is difficult for the traditional technique to overcome the large deformation problems imposed by complex geological conditions of mountain soft rock tunneling. Hence, the compensation excavation method has been proposed to solve this issue under the consideration that all damage in tunneling originates from the excavation. It uses supportive strate-gies to counteract the excavation effects successfully. This paper provides an overview of the fundamen-tal ideas of the compensation excavation method, methodologies, and field applications. The scientific validity and feasibility of the compensation excavation method were investigated through the practical engineering study of the Muzhailing and Changning tunnels.(c) 2022 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of China University of Mining & Technology. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).