Intramuscular alfaxalone and methadone with or without ketamine in healthy cats: effects on sedation and echocardiographic measurements

Objective To evaluate the effect of alfaxalone and methadone administered intramuscularly (IM), with or without ketamine, on sedation and echocardiographic measurements in healthy cats. Study design A randomized, blinded, clinical study. Animals A group of 24 client-owned cats. Methods Baseline echocardiographic evaluation (bEchoCG) was performed. Cats were given IM alfaxalone (2 mg kg(-1)) and methadone (0.3 mg kg(-1)) with (AMK group) or without (AM group) ketamine (1 mg kg(-1)). A sedation score (0-5, indicating none to good sedation) was assigned at 5 (T5), 10 (T10) and 15 (T15) minutes after IM injection. At T15, a second echocardiographic evaluation (sEchoCG) was performed. Data are shown as median (range). Significance was p < 0.05. Results Finally, 21 cats were included. Sedation score was significantly higher in the AMK (11 cats) than in the AM group (10 cats): 4 (1-5) versus 0.5 (0-4) at T5 (p = 0.003); 4 (1-5) versus 1.5 (0-5) at T10 (p = 0.043); and 4 (1-5) versus 2 (0-5) at T15 (p = 0.024). All echocardiographic measurements obtained were within reference ranges. Between the groups, aortic root area (p = 0.009) and end-diastolic aortic dimension (p = 0.011) were significantly higher in the AM group at bEchoCG and sEchoCG, respectively. Within each group, values at bEchoCG and sEchoCG showed no significant differences, except for pulmonary peak velocity (0.85 m second(-1) ; p = 0.028) in the AMK group and ejection time (154 m second; p = 0.03) in the AM group; both variables decreased after sedation. Conclusions and clinical relevance In this population of healthy cats, neither protocol produced clinically meaningful effects on the echocardiographic variables evaluated. Alfaxalone with methadone produced mild sedation, whereas the addition of 1 mg kg(-1) ketamine induced adequate sedation for diagnostic procedures.