Dorsal fracture dislocations of the proximal interphalangeal joint treated by open reduction and inter fragmentary screw fixation: Indications, approaches and results

Many operative and non-operative treatments of dorsal fracture dislocations of the proximal interphalageal (PIP) joint have been described. Return of good joint function requires anatomical reduction of the articular fragments and restoration of joint congruity and a stable functional arc of motion, with the fixation construct stable enough for early mobilization. To prevent recurrent dorsal subluxation, the attachments of the ligamentous palmar restraints and the bony buttress provided by the palmar lip of the middle phalanx base must be restored. Open reduction and internal interfragmentary screw fixation using 1.5 or 1.3 mm screws was employed in 12 fingers in 10 patients with unstable dorsal fracture dislocations of the PIP joints of Schenck grades III and IV. At an average follow-up of 8.7 months, all patients in this series achieved good to excellent results and an average total active interphalangeal motion of 132 degrees (range 105 degrees-165 degrees). Additional benefits over non-operative techniques included improved patient comfort and simplified nursing care and therapy supervision.